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It is believed that in a modern metropolis, life does not stop with the onset of darkness. The comfort and safety of city residents is ensured by street lighting at night. When planning night lighting of the city, it is necessary to take into account both the practical function and the aesthetic appeal of light sources. In the dark, the lighting of buildings gives a sense of security, makes it easier to navigate the urban environment, and with the help of night lighting of buildings, the main city dominants are highlighted.
All cities, both small and large, are a system consisting of residential and non-residential buildings, communications, road systems, parks and squares. Lighting design should organically fit into the city ensemble and not conflict with citywide lighting.
Decorative lighting is divided by purpose into everyday and festive. The first performs a practical function - ensures visibility. Everyday lighting at night should function in accordance with the general lighting of the city. Festive or decorative lighting is used to change and aestheticize the urban environment.
The tasks of decorative night lighting of cities include emphasizing the historical value of architectural monuments, museums and temples. To solve this problem, facade lighting is most often used. The choice of lighting method is determined by the purpose, location and age of the building. Thus, historical buildings are usually highlighted with floodlighting, and hidden lighting is usually used to illuminate the facades of shopping centers, stores, cafes and restaurants. It allows creating entire light canvases on a plane.
Evening and night lighting of city streets and squares is made bright enough to ensure the comfort of residents. Street lighting provides visibility due to the direct light flow. Night lighting on the street should correspond to the overall composition of the space, be safe and effective. As a rule, light sources are installed at a great height to provide a diffused light flow. Lighting of transport interchanges and highways should increase the attention of drivers and pedestrians; neutral white light is best suited to increase concentration.
Night street lighting of city parks, alleys and squares is aimed at highlighting recreation areas and pedestrian paths, as well as trees and shrubs. When creating a lighting project for a park or square, it is necessary to take into account the features of the landscape. Its uniqueness and beauty can be emphasized using a combination of general and local lighting.
Night-time street lighting is a young and promising trend in architectural design. However, bright night-time city lighting can be harmful. Excessive street lighting has caused an environmental problem. The concept of "light noise" is an excessive number of bright light structures in large cities, which leads to the death of trees growing in areas of bright night lighting and a decrease in the bird population. In addition, residents of megalopolises cannot see the stars even on a clear night. When developing projects for decorative lighting in an urban environment, many factors must be taken into account. A well-designed lighting project should ensure comfort and safety on the streets and give a pleasant experience.
Solve the problem of "light noise" The use of LED lamps helps: their light flux can be directed to a certain plane, and the brightness of the lighting devices can be adjusted.
Night lighting of the city is regulated by standards set out in SNiP 23-05-95
dated 29.05. 2003 on “Natural and artificial lighting”. The section on external lighting of buildings describes the following standards and tasks of architectural lighting:
In addition to general standards, there are documents that regulate night lighting of a specific locality. Thus, recommendations for night lighting of Moscow are contained in the section of the General Plan on “Comprehensive Improvement of Territories”. This document defines how best to organize decorative lighting of buildings during the dark hours of the day.
When planning a lighting system, important parameters are operational safety and low energy consumption. Correct selection of lighting equipment allows you to comply with them. Popular lighting devices that are used for decorative lighting of the city are:
Light sources for night lighting of the city are selected taking into account the purpose, location features and architecture of the facility. For lighting large shopping and entertainment centers, devices mounted on OG type supports or KOS series complexes are used. For illumination of historical monuments, classic or authentic OP models are usually used.
Urban lighting design often uses techniques typical of stage lighting.
For example, by using colors, you can create fantastic, and most importantly, different images of one building. Color dynamics can even "revive" a building. The effect of light dynamics is achieved through the use of OPs operating on the basis of the CMYK palette, called color changers, as well as LED modules. They can change the brightness of the lighting, the color and direction of the beam. The basis of the installation is a control system that transmits a signal about switching on, switching off, moving the filter in accordance with certain protocols via cables going to the devices, or using a radio signal.
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